Abstract: Sedimentary basins such as Lake Baláta in Southwestern Hungary provide information about the development of lake-bog systems, the climate change through time and about the environment of the surrounding area. The application of different methods, such as sedimentological, geochemical, macrofossil, pollen and charcoal analysis make it possible to reconstruct the climatic, vegetation and hydrological changes of this protected area for the last 3000 years. Lake Baláta is a sedimentary basin developed in a wind-blown yardang system. Due to its deeper location and the higher groundwater-level the boggy lake functioned as a sediment catchment basin. So by the analysis of samples derive form cores we get closer to the formation, development and the temporal changes of the environment of the lake-bog system.

Keywords: palaeoecology, macrobotany, pollen analysis, sedimentology, Baláta Lake

Abstract: White poplar riparian forests along the upper Mura River, Hungary. I studied the phytosociological characteristics of white poplar riparian forests (Senecioni sarracenici-Populetum albae) growing along the Mura river in southwest Hungary by collecting and analyzing twenty vegetation samples. These forests grow in the highest parts of the lower floodplain on alluvial soil, which developed over gravel and coarse sand. Their species composition and rich shrub layer make them clearly distinct from white willow forests (Leucojo aestivi-Salicetum albae), which grow1-1.5 m below them on heavy, muddy soil, and have no shrub layer at all. They also differ from hardwood riparian forests (Carici brizoidis-Ulmetum) growing in the upper floodplain. The herbaceous layer in these forests often host plants that are rare or fully absent from other parts of the Great Plains, such as Adoxa moschatellina, Carex brizoides, C. remota, C. strigosa, Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Corydalis solida, Equisetum hyemale, Fritillaria meleagris, Oenanthe banatica, Omphalodes scorpioides, Scilla drunensis, Stellaria nemorum. The association is placed in the sub-alliance Populenion nigro-albae KEVEY 2008.

Keywords: SW. Hungary, syntaxonomy, riparian forest, Natura 2000 designation, landscape protection area

Abstract: The studied beech forest is situated in south-west Hungary. This paper describe the surveyed forest stand and try to introducing the influence of applied forest management method. The analysis use phytosociological characters, flora elements, life forms and social behaviour types of plant species. The composition of herb layer was changed in the steps of regeneration cutting.

Keywords: phytosociological character, social behaviour types, Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum, Zselic hills

Abstract: The vegetation was investigated on loess hills and the adjoining floodplain rivulet Koppány in SW Hungary. The aim of the botanical survey was the registration of present botanical condition, as first step of landscape restoration planning. It was found, that many species of natural phytocoenosis are encountered, but overall in disturbed vegetation, not by typical coenological conditions. The remainder species of hilly forests refer early presence of xerotherm oak woods (Vicio sparsiflorae-Quercetum pubescentis), illyrian beech woods (Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum) and illyrian oak-hornbeam (Helleboro dumetorum-Carpinetum) forests. The hilly grasslands are low-natural fallows. The natural vegetation of alluvium rivulet Koppány consist of mesotrophic wet meadows, tall-sedge beds and tall-herb vegetation of floodplains.

Keywords: vegetation, flora, naturalness, social behaviour types

Abstract: The Unionid mussel fauna of the complex system of waterflows, situated on the southern part of the Balatoncatchment was studied. Altogether thirty-seven sampling points on nine watercourses were sampled in order to describe the mussel assemblages of these waters and to assess the actual distribution and abundance of Chinese pond mussel (Sinanodonta woodiana) populations. Mussels were found in 46% of the localities, in six out of the nine sampled watercourses. Five native and one non-indigenous Unionid mussel species were identified during the sampling campaign. The non-indigenous Chinese pond mussel was the most frequent species, occurred in 13 sampling sites and its relative abundance was 15.5% in the whole sample. Our study also revealed that fishponds are potential sources of the invasive S. woodiana in the Balaton-catchment.

Keywords: fish stocking, glochidium, vector, mussel faunistics

Abstract: We present morphometric results for eight populations (680 specimens) collected fom diffrent Granaria frumentum habitats from Tihany and Külső-Somogy. Macroclimatic features of different sampling areas are unchanged, but in spite of the fact we found differences in some instances between size characteristics and distribution curves of the sampled populations. By our opinion these deviatons were genereted by microclimatic differences of the different habitats. Therefore morhometry based climate reconstruction requires more research and validation.

Keywords: Hungary, landsnails, mollusca, shell morphometry, macroclimate, morpho-thermometer methods

Abstract: We summarised faunistic observations carried out in the park of University of Kaposvár (Kaposvár-Toponár, Somogy county) from the last cca. 15 years. The urban green areas, like the park of our university, are important for many conservation reliant animal species. These green areas provide these species some ecologic services for example: feeding, resting (migrating birds), reproduction and habitats. The checklist of fauna of the university park is based on occasional research performed mainly by students. This record includes 177 invertebrate species (of which 19 are protected), 4 amphibians and 5 reptiles (all protected), 100 birds (of which 9 are strictly protected; 52 nesting species), 31 mammals (of which 15 are protected). Most part of the species detected by us (including common species), are published for the first time in connection with the area studied (Kaposvár-Toponár). Numerous taxa (e.g. near all taxa from invertebrates) are less well explored therefore we encourage further research of the fauna of this university park.

Keywords: fauna, urban habitat, checklist, vertebrate, invertebrate, Somogy county

Abstract: Barn Owl pellets were collected between 1999 and 2014, from 11 localities (investigated area: YM07, YM18, YM27 and YM29, according to 10×10 km UTM grids). In a total of 1313 pellets there were 3630 prey remnants. Small mammals were dominating (98.4%). We documented occurrence of 25 mammal species: Crocidura leucodon, C. suaveolens, Sorex araneus, S. minutus, Neomys anomalus, N. fodiens, Talpa europaea, Eptesicus serotinus, Pipistrellus nathusii, Muscardinus avellanarius, Glis glis, Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis, M. oeconomus, M. subterraneus, Arvicola amphibius, Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, M. spicilegus, Rattus norvegicus). Remnants of birds and amphibians consisted 1.6% of total prey.

Keywords: prey, distribution, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Rodentia

Abstract: Our survey should by necessity begin earlier, from the close of the Middle Age Copper Age, and should extend to much later, at least until the onset of the Middle Bronze Age, in order to identify and analyse the appearance and spread of the cultural impacts affecting the Baden complex, their interaction with neighbouring cultures and, finally, their decline or transformation. Discussed here will be the archaeological cultures flourishing between 4200/4000 and 2200/2000 BC, from the late phase of the Middle Copper Age to its end (3600 BC), the Late Copper Age (ending in 2800 BC), the transition between the Copper Age and the Bronze Age (ending in 2600 BC), and the Early Bronze Age 1-3 (ending in 2000 BC), which I have termed the Age of Transformation.

Keywords: Human depiction, end of the Middle Copper Age, Late Copper Age, Early Bronze Age, spiritualism, cultural antropology

Abstract: The archaeology team excavated the M7/S-31. archaeological site. This paper shows the Celtic and Roman settlement.

Keywords: Celtic, Roman, settlement

Abstract: The preliminary explorations of the bypass of road 61 to the North of Kaposvár took more years. Among the excavations in the pathes of the new highway, one of the greatest and most important is the excavation of site number 2 to the South of Toponár. The excavation is located on the Eastern bank of Stream Deseda. The territory was almost always suitable for settlement. It is proved by the fact that we found artifacts from 9 period-cultures from the late Neolithic to the late Medieval period. On the site of the excavations there is an outstanding amount of scattered cremation burials and urn graves from the period of the Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery Culture, as well as the cemetery established in the 11th century, in the Arpadian-age. The extended area of the excavations was settled intensively in the late Avar-age and in the early Arpadian-age.

Keywords: settlements: Late Neolithic (Lengyel Culture), Copper Age (Boleráz Group, Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Baden- Pécel Culture), Early Bronze Age (Somogyvár-Vinkovci Group), Middle Bronze Age (Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery Culture), Iron Age (La Tène D, Celtic Age), Late Medieval Period; cemeteries: Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery Culture, Early Arpadian-Age (11th century)

Abstract: The paper deals with the abbey founded in the 11. Century, with its periods and remains of an earlier building.

Keywords: Middle age, Benedictine abbey, cemetery, fortifications

Abstract: The paper deals with the diffusion of Premonstratensian monasteries in Hungary, their relations and the role they played in pastoral life. It also gives a brief insight into the only Norbertine foundation in Somogy county (Kaposfő).

Keywords: abbey, cura animarum, filial connections, monument and archaeological research, Moys, ground penetrating radar

Abstract: In the studies and works concerning the clothing of the common people living in Somogy county their footwear are rarely mentioned. The examination of the local Guilds’ paperwork can fill these gaps in our knowledge. One can find there detailed description of cuts and masterpieces, treaties and bills of the guilds’ workers, and cash books. This study examines the written data of the so called ’Hungarian’ Guild in the markettown of Csurgó in the time between 1810 and 1872, as this was the exact time when the usage of footwear began to follow quicklier the pattern of larger towns’ clothing habits.

Keywords: leather processing, the products of footwearshoe- maker craftsmen, the ’Hungarian’, ’western’ and ’Turk’ methods of leather processing, independent skin-dresser, cobbler and boot-maker guilds, the leather shoe-making masters of the ’Mixed’ guild in Csurgó between 1810 and 1872, masterpieces, contracts of apprentices

Abstract: This paper complements the essay written by Eperjessy & Horvath (2013) on the history of the Németlukafa glasshouse. Besides two commemorative glass, a faience tobacco holder, two garden vases (kratér) made by Ignác Zsolnay in the Németlukafa glasshouse are described and a distribution map of the glasshouses in Zselic hills is published. The study insists on the importance of the high quality products and the role of the small manufactures.

Keywords: Zselic, Németlukafa, glass and tile manufacture, bath commemorative cups, faience vase made by Ignác Zsolnay

Abstract: András Bagol’s ouvre caught the attention of the ethnographers already in the early 20th century. His sheperd’s crooks, which were inlaid with wax and embellished with historical scenes or portraits of Hungarian heroes, were sought after among the wealthy collectors and public collections alike. They are pieces of art of the highest quality, in which the sheperds’ tradition of the Transdanubia is preserved. One of his works, which has been previously unknown, is kept in the museum of Győr: a sheperd’s crook with wax inlay from the year of 1877. This crook was made in honor of Kázmér Hegedűs, its central themes are, beside the customer’s family, the herds of horses on the Great Hungarian Plains and the city of Pécs. Some previously unknown letters of Bagol written to Ottó Herman verify that he was a soldier in 1848-49 and was forced into hiding after the fall of the War of Independence. From the 1880s he resumed an active role in politics as a canvasser of the 48 Independence Party (48-as Függetlenségi Párt). One of his poems he wrote about the elections reveals his view of history, elements of which are indicated in the carvings of his many crooks as well.

Keywords: sheperd art, view of history, Ottó Herman

Abstract: Saint Wendelin is the patron saint of livestock, stock-breeders and herders in the modern era. His cult became popular in Hungary in the 18th century. The german settlers and shepherds who arrived with the new sheepbreeds bred in the great manors played a huge part in the popularisation of his cult. His cult was quite vivid in the Hungarian, German and Croatian villages within the borders of the diocese of Veszprém, to which County Somogy belonged until 1993. He was honored especially in the villages where clergymen, episcopal manors, or the order of the Piarists had their lands or landcentres. Some parishes built churches, many more built chapels in his honor, or erected his statues. His day was celebrated as a votive feast every year with masses, processions and the prohibition of working with workstock on that day.

Keywords: Patron saint of livestock, votive feast, churches, chapels, statues to Saint Wendelin in Somogy County

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the folk architecture of two neighbouring villages in Outer-Somogy; Fonó and Kisgyalán. The prestigious agricultural buildings were built in the 19th century as a result of the change in farm management conditions due to river control and drainage. Field experience proved that the function of stables significantly changed by the 21st century. The stables had residential function in many cases; these barns were quantified in both villages on street basis. In those streets which were established after 1945, barns built were not always finished, their proportion, quality and conversion into house for living were nearly the same in both villages. However, Kisgyalán had an average financial position, while Fonó was a rich village with middle peasants. Consequently, the true-born population of two villages built different quality agricultural buildings and structures. Shed of extremely high standard were found in Fonó, while beautifully crafted corncribs were established in Kisgyalán. The preservation of the buildings is of high interest of the population of both villages.

Keywords: folk architecture, agricultural buildings, corncribs, Somogy county

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare agricultural buildings and their economic role in two neighbouring villages of Outer-Somogy; Fonó and Kisgyalán. I analyzed how the function of these buildings altered within the branches of animal husbandry, during joint management and after the change of regime. Breeding technology employed in barns, feed storage strategies in sheds, corn-cribs and attics were also described based on reminiscences. The changes in economic conditions facilitated building economic-necessity structures in some cases. In addition, the effects of changing attitude of peasants due to lifestyle modification were also highlighted based on examples such as sleeping in the barn.

Keywords: breeding technology, feed storage, corn-cribs, building economic-necessity, Somogy county

Abstract: A short essay was published about Pál Losonczi, the Presidential Council’s president and about his medals, which are owned by our museum int he pages of Numizmatikai Közlöny. Now our main purpose is to elaborate the medal-collection of the wife of the former President. As a part of diplomatic protocol, Mrs. Pálné Losonczi often kept his husband’s company during his external visits, when she also got prestigous medals. In our opinion all of information about prizewinners belong to the verification of the objects. Our script tries to answer the question, who Mrs. Pálné Losonczi was with the technique of oral history. After it her four medals will be introduced professionally, which are held in our museum right now.

Keywords: Phaleristics, women’s story, First Booard of Order of the Pleiades of Iran (Haft Paykar), Grand Cross of the White Rose of Finland (women), Order of Gabriela Silang of the Philippines, Grand Cross of Portugal Merit

Abstract: In 2014, special religious relic exhibition of art was displayed in the Rippl-Rónai Museum, Kaposvár. Some of the exhibited material came from those museums’ collections found in South Transdanubia, while others were from private collections. The main aim of the exhibition was to find the local religious relics, again. Principally, this exhibition based on those relics which were moved by Sándor Klempa, the bishop of Veszprém from different Somogy County Baroque churches to the Diocese Collection, Veszprém in the 1950- 60s. One of the most important part of the exhibition were those works painted by the most significant religious artists, István Dorffmaister and some church-related works from Rippl-Rónai Ödön’s collection were also exhibited.

Keywords: Rippl-Rónai, Ödön Rippl-Rónai, Sándor Klempa, religious arts, István Dorffmaister, convent works, Mihály Zichy