Abstract: The aim of this survey was to create an actual, very particular and GIS-based vegetation map of the Látrányi Puszta Nature Conservation Area. As a main result of the survey 26 several habitats were detected in 94 vegetation patches or patch-groups. Mostly the woodless habitats are the notablest ones, like rich fens, open sand steppes or some more natural stands of closed sand steppes.

Keywords: GIS, vegetation map, Látrányi Puszta, ÁNÉR

Abstract: I present the results of a phytosociological analysis of 50 samples of oak-hornbeam forests on sand (Fraxino pannonicae-Carpinetum), which grow in the southwestern part of Hungary in Inner Somogy. The habitat of these forests is under slight influence of groundwater, which manifests itself in the species composition of these forests. The forests differ sharply from the oak-hornbeam forests (Helleboro dumetorum-Carpinetum) growing on loess in the neighbouring Zselic. The species composition somewhat resembles that of hardwood gallery forests on sand (Knautio drymeiae-Ulmetum), beech woods on sand (Leucojo verno-Fagetum), and oak-hornbeam forests along the Dráva River (Veronico montanae-Carpinetum). The Fagetalia elements in its understorey (Actaea spicata, Astrantia major, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Oxalis acetosella, etc.) are probably relics of the Beech I. phase (2500 and 800 B.C.) of the Holocene, when the climate was more humid and less extreme. It also hosts species typical of the Aremonio-Fagion alliance (pl. Carex strigosa, Cyclamen purpurascens, Doronicum orientale, Erythronium dens-canis, Knautia drymeia, Polystichum setiferum, Primula vulgaris, Ruscus aculeatus, Tamus communis, Tilia tomentosa), whereby it exhibits a moderate sub-Mediterranean character.

Keywords: syntaxonomy, nature preserve, landscape protection area, Duna-Drava National Park, SW Hungary, clusteranalysis, ordination

Abstract: In this study, phytosociological analysis of the beech woods (Doronico austriaci-Fagetum) in the Zákány Hills along the Drava River, southwest Hungary, is presented based on 50 relevés. The oak-hornbeam stands occur mainly in gullies formed by erosion on the northern side of the hills made up of loess, sandy loess or pebble. The vegetation of this area has the strongest submediterranean character in the country because of the occurrence of a few plant species that are found nowhere else in Hungary (Anemone trifolia, Dentaria trifolia, Lamium orvala, Ostrya carpinifolia†). Due to the occurrence of these rarities, the oak-hornbeam woods of the Zákány Hills differ from the neighbouring oak-hornbeam woods of Zala (Helleboro dumetorum-Carpinetum).

Keywords: syntaxonomy, Duna-Dráva National Park, SW Hungary, cluster-analysis, ordination

Abstract: A 130-years old beech forest stand (Helleboro odori - Fagetum) in Eastern Mecsek hills (Southern Hungary), abandoned 22-25 years ago, provides excellent opportunities for the study of spontaneous forest dynamics. In 2010 intensive studies started, iniciated by Mecsekerdő Zrt: repeating an individuum-based tree-stand survey of 1986-87, and a gridbased herb layer survey according to the Forest Reserve Protocol. In the herb layer 95 species were found, amongst them 14 protected ones, most of them in the hillside-hilltop ecotone. Most important are the more thousand exemplars of Doronicum orientale. More than 30% percentage of specialist and competitor species indicates a very good naturalness state, comparable with forest reserves.

Keywords: Helleboro odori - Fagetum, forest reserves, Shannon diversity, social behaviour types, protected species, Doronicum orientale

Abstract: The fauna record includes 80 taxa (25 freshwater snails, 48 terrestrial snails, 7 mussels) and about 271 new units from 40 sampling sites. Habitat types of terrestrial snails are followings: bush forest dwellers 27%, open ground and steppe dwellers 27%, meso- and xerophilous dwellers 27%, hygrophilous dwellers 4%, paludial dwellers 8%. On the other hand in examened resort the bush forest dwellers are the dominant (44%). That’s the effect of the artificial environment (holiday resort area).

Keywords: habitat tipe, artificial environment, invasive and protected species

Abstract: Pellets were collected between 1999 and 2009, from 20 localities (investigated area: BT80, BS79, BS78, BS77, BS89 and BS88, according to 10×10 km UTM grids). In a total of 1570 Barn Owl pellets there were 4127 prey remnants. Small mammals were dominating (97.8%). 22 mammal species were evidented: Crocidura leucodon, C. suaveolens, Sorex araneus, S. minutus, Neomys anomalus, Talpa europaea, Eptesicus serotinus, Muscardinus avellanarius, Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis, M. oeconomus, M. subterraneus, Arvicola amphibius, Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, M. spicilegus, Rattus norvegicus). Remnants of birds, amphibians and insects consisted 2.2 % of total prey.

Keywords: diet, distribution, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Rodentia

Abstract: This study offers a brief overview of the main directions in the research of prehistoric wagon models and presents a new Late Copper Age model.

Keywords: Late Copper Age, settlement finds, prehistoric wagon models, chronology

Abstract: Linearbandkeramik and Lengyel Culture: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Sertésteleptől ÉNy-ra, Hollád, Komlósd-Mogyorós (settlements); Balaton-Lasinja Culture: Gyékényes, Lulla-Büdösalja (settlements); „Furchenstich” ceramic Culture: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Istvándi-Csontai-dűlő (settlements); Baden Culture: Kaposvár-Kisgát, Lulla-Jabapuszta (settlements); Somogyvár-Vinkovci Culture: Hollád, Lulla-Büdösalja, Lulla-Jabapuszta (settlements), Zamárdi-Réti földek (grave), Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/13 (settlement); Kisapostag Culture: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Kaposvár-Kisgát (settlements); Urnfield Culture (earlier and elder period): Vörs-Battyáni disznólegelő (cemetery), Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Gyékényes, Hollád, Siófok (settlements); Hallstatt Culture: Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/13, Siófok (settlements); Celtic age: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Gyékényes, Lulla-Büdösalja (settlements), Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/13 (graves); Roman age: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Balatonszentgyörgy (Vörs-B), Gyékényes-Fehérdűlő, Kaposvár-Kisgát, Lulla-Büdösalja, Sávoly (settlements), Somogyvár-Bréza-erdő (barrow grave), Lulla-Jabapuszta (settlement, first-third centuries); Avar period: Vörs-Battyáni disznólegelő, Kaposvár-Kertészet, Zamárdi-Réti földek (cemeteries), Siófok (settlement); 10-11th centuries: Hollád (settlement), Kaposvár-Kertészet (cemetery); Arpadian-age: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Hollád-Körforgalom, Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/12, Komlósd-Mogyorós, Lulla-Büdösalja (settlements), Iharos-temető, Kisberény-Helai-dűlő, Szőkedencstemető (churchs, cemeteries); Late medieval period: Iharostemető, Kisberény-Helai-dűlő, Szőkedencs-temető (churchs, cemeteries), Lulla-Büdösalja (settlement); Early new ages: Kaposvár-Kisgát (cemetery), Őrtilos-Új Zrinyi vár (fortress)

Keywords: bone salt-cellar, gemma, avars grave with a sidewall niche, rotunda

Abstract: in the large settlement of Boleráz-Baden culture at Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő site we excavated many finds described as cultic objects in the archaeological publications. The exact describitions and complex analyses of the finds and theirs features, circumstances give new informations for the sacral life of the Late Copper Age.

Keywords: Boleráz and Baden cultures, anthropomorph figurine, housemodel, pintadera

Abstract: The article summarizes the results of the excavations of the Arpad-aged settlement from the 11th-14th century in Balatonlelle-Rádpuszta. We found a pit-house and several outdoor-furnaces with abundant finds: potteries, a spur and a mammut-tooth.

Keywords: Arpadian-aged village, pit-house, outdoor furnace, spur, mammut-tooth

Abstract: The paper deals with the various causes of fortification of churches and monastic establishments in Somogy county throughout the Middle ages.

Keywords: fortifications, value storage, written sources, archaeology, cemetery, Turkish wars

Abstract: We don’t know much about the medieval history of Szalacska up to this point. We only have some medieval stray finds from here. In the course of excavations of the 1980’s many medieval finds turned up. We can conclude that Szalacska was a built-up area during the 10-17th centuries on the score of research up to this point. The medieval church of the village Szalacska stood on the south part of the prehistoric fortress and we can presume the existence of a medieval fortress also on the site.

Keywords: medieval church, cemetery, settlement, silver coins, bronze anvil, bronze mace, ceramics, iron objects, fortress

Abstract: In the 18th and 19th century several glasshouses operated in the forests of Zselic region. One of the most significant ones was in operation between 1799 and 1888 in Németlukafa. The equipment of the faience manufacture, which was working side by side with the glasshouse, was bought by the Zsolnay family of Pécs in the 1850’s and became the first machine line of their factory. The manuscript of the monograph written on the topic by Gyula J. Horváth has disappeared around the time of his death (2003). The present study attempts to save the valuable notes as were left in his heritage and completes it with knowledge of the author.

Keywords: Zselic, Németlukafa, potash, glasshouse, pottery

Abstract: During the 18th and 19th century the guilds in Somogy county had developed only slowly because of the lack of cities in the region. The low number of educated baking masters was also based on the fact that the practice of household bread baking remained in existence until the 1960s. Bread baking was made in the 18th and 19th century by seasoned cooksmen and bread specialists. The craftsmen of the markettown Csurgó only got their landlord’s approval for creating a mixed crafts guild in 1810. The bakers and honey-cake makers of this town belonged to the so called ’German’ guild from 1814. They originated mostly from Austria and the Czeh-Moravian region, some of them were German or Slavic craftsmen from other Transdanubian regions. One or two master worked simultanously in Csurgó. They frequently changed, most of them moved on to the guilds of bigger towns. This study on the life in such guilds is mostly based on the official guild lists and financial documents, it even includes a detailed description of a masterpiece bakery product. The later part of the study gives a rewiev of the life of the baker and honey-cake maker masters in the whole county.by the end of the guild area (1869). The study explaines the growth in the number of such craftsmen caused by the urbanisation and the increased marketing possibilities. It also describes the organisations among the growing numbers of tradesmen including the flour tradesmen supporting the examined crafts guildes.

Keywords: baker guilds, the migration of such masters to Southern Hungary, guild lists, guild traditions in Csurgó, bakers and honey-cake makes in Somogy county in 1869

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate food preparation traditions of events and occasions, based on personal discussion and provided photographs. Christening lunch is of greater importance since 1960, as children are born in a hospital and it enables parents to spend more time with preparing the christening event. In the age of home birth, it was necessary to christening the child on the first or the second day of birth due to the higher mortality rate. This ensured that the child would not pass away as a pagan. Some traditions such as christening feast (paszita in Hungarian) as well as the “pal-bowl sending” also disappeared or changed since the 1960’s. Instead of food preparation for the mother during three days after childbirth, giving a higher value gift became general. The tradition modified due to the change in lifestyles. Women, working on collective farms or elsewhere, had difficulties in allocating their time compared to previous periods when they worked on their own family farms. The reason for disappearing of “pal-bowl sending” may have been that the young already returned to the student dormitory, or simply were not at home since they were away for a month since the 1970’s. Holy Communion and Confirmation-related practices also adjusted to the given era, especially in case of inviting godparents living far away. Confirmation parents go to dine to the confirmee’s place. Differences are experienced in traditions of weddings and “death feasts” among villages of 3-4 km distance.

Keywords: childbirth, christening lunch, pal-bowl sending, Confirmation, weddings, death feasts

Abstract: The folk poetry of Somogy County have been known by the public from the end of the 18th century. After the initial sporadic publications the methodical collecting work of the folksongs and children’s games started at the end of the 19th century. Béla Vikár introduced a considerable part of the folk traditions of the region in a complete volume of the Hungarian Folklore Collection series. In the 20th century a great number of collections and monographs were dedicated to this topic, however, a part of the unpublished collections were unfortunately lost. The presently published folklore collection from Somogy County has been found recently in the Xántus János Museum of Győr, which was a part of the former Benedictine Historical Collection.

Keywords: folksong, children’s games, hand-written collection

Abstract: It is open to doubt, whether some of the paintings in the works of Munkácsy Mihály belongs to the master or some of his pupils. The problem was brought to light by the critiques, following the Munkacsy exhibitions organized in the last 7-8 years throughout Hungary, including Kaposvar. Rippl-Rónai József was one among the wide range of pupils who worked for Munkacsy in Paris at the end of the 19th century. In his Memoirs he described a curious case about a reductive reproduction of his master’s painting, the “Two families”. The writer of the present study, also a Ripple Ronai researcher, identified this painting to be the one residing in the Munkacsy Mihaly Museum in Bekescsaba, called the Dogfamily. In the identification process the author has used another painting by Rippl-Rónai called “The interior of a room on the outskirt of Paris” as proof. It was painted approximately at the same time frame and in the same manner as the painting mentioned in Rippl-Rónai’s memoir.
This is the first attempt to clarify the uncertainty around the originality of the paintings in the case of Munkacsy’s and Rippl-Rónai’s painting.

Keywords: Munkácsy Mihály, original work, pupils of Munkácsy, reproductions, Munkácsy exhibitions, Rippl-Rónai József, memoirs of Rippl-Rónai József in the Nyugat, Horváth János, identification, Molnos Péter, Munkácsy Mihály Museum in Békéscsaba

Abstract: István Bors, one of the most prominent sculptors in Somogy county, died in 2003, at the age of 65. He played an important role in the contemporary sculpture: breaking away from the traditional ways of art, he pioneered new methods which eventually changed his ways of expression. He explored the different geographical and chronological dimensions of art, meanwhile discovering world of prehistoric art, folklore, village art and crafts and children’s drawing. The new forms he learned were applied in his works boundlessly. A part of his heritage was placed in the care of the Rippl-Rónai Museum. The collection consists of about 200 pieces, including his studio’s equipment, his preliminary sketches, the wax and clay moulds, plaster casts, reliefs and negatives. The present study aims to survey this collection: by identifying dating and categorizing the pieces it prepares the foundation for a monograph of a significant artist.

Keywords: Children’s drawing, prehistoric art, archaic art, surrealism, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Borsos Miklós, antic Greek art, Egyptian art, folklore, masks, fetishes trunks, plastic sculpture, grotesque, hanging sculpture, column sculpture, Pieta, corpus.