Summary: It can be seen on tournaments that a sportsman or a team give away the advantage in a few minutes, and the expected win dissolves in the air in a few flashes. What can cause such manifestation or similar situations, like sudden blocking? Whether is it the missing of physical fitness or rather the unsuccessful mental preparation? Talents of first-class sportsmen are very similar, so it is rather more possible that final score is formed by that sportsman who can be more concentrated mentally on the day of competition, who can overcome the stress caused barriers. At the same time it is well-known that deciding to do things in different way as now is short, the decision alone is not enough. We need a method and a person who teach us how things can be realized. One of the most effective methods is coaching according to professionals. Most probably that is why coaching is originated from sport in the most publications. Despite of this, it can be heard seldom in Hungary that professional sportsmen have been preparing with mental coaches besides trainers for each important competition. In this publication we present that part of our complex primer research which describes how much the coaching is acknowledged, how frequently and most of all in which area it is used among sportsmen in Hungary. Data and information were collected from interviews with sport-coaches and from a questionnaire filled in by almost two hundreds pro and amateur sportsmen.

Kulcsszavak: coaching, sportcoaching, coach, sportoló, edző

Keywords: coaching, sport coaching, coach, sportman, trainer

JEL kód: M59, Z29

Summary: In our paper we have reviewed the specialist literature on the topic together with the most significant international and national surveys. A methodology of measuring has been worked out by considering the specific features of the sector on the basis of the widespread measuring methods, which will assist in giving a thorough picture of the present situation, performance and trends of development of agritechnical innovations in Hungary. It can also be utilised to explore national practice and internal relations of agricultural machinery development, identify the typical barriers and map the network of the participants in development.

Kulcsszavak: innováció, innovációs felmérés, az innovációs tényezők

Keywords: innovation, key factors of innovations, the examination of innovation

JEL Kód: O32

Summary: The peripheral areas of Hungary - mainly those at the northern and eastern Hungarian borders - are struggling with several economic and social challenges. These are constantly lagging behind the more developed regions of the country, and of the European Union. The study examines how a small Nograd town, Szécsény, and its region have changed since joining the EU. There have been several developments in the region, whichcan be assessedby using the data of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, and thereby, the data of the 2011 census. With these data, answers can be given to the question of whether the previous years’ developments could have achievedthe results that had been targeted by local agents? This study focuses on those main issues that crucially influence the future of the region, namely: worseningdemographical situation, unresolved unemployment, the drying up of real estate markets, tourism-focused infrastructural developments, and the leading role of municipalities in these developments. There are several trends that can be recognised in the region that are new and unusual, compared to past trends. The future examination of these trends might be useful in depicting their situation, and thus findinga suitable way out. By evaluating the situation, suggestions about the development plans of the sub-region, and within this, about Szécsény, are put forward in this study.

Kulcsszavak: Európai Unió, határ menti térségek, Nógrád megye, régió, Szécsény

Keywords: European Union, Nógrád county, peripheral areas, region, Szécsény

JEL kód: R11, R58, J11

Summary: The lecture describes social capital’s place and role within collective agricultural marketing through defining its concept. Agricultural market changes has made several agrarian countries realize that there is a need for a system of central subsidies for their agricultural products. Following this realization a number of government controlled marketing organizations has been formed, which act inside the frame of market economy, but without disturbing it (Gaál, 2001). There are quite a few international collective agricultural marketing organizations, which has influenced their Hungarian counterpart heavily. Such organizations are for example Food From Britain in Great-Britain, SOPEXA in France, AMA in Austria and CMA in Germany. Among the most important objectives of a national marketing organization are sales promotion of the given country’s agricultural products, widening and structuring product range, increasing customer loyalty towards national products and shaping the marketing approach of the agrarian sector. Objectives, structure and functioning of various national marketing organizations in the EU show great diversity. A short review of the main characteristics of some EU member states’ national marketing organizations reveals how important these countries regard the collective marketing of their agrarian sector, their agricultural and food products and given product groups. The importance of communal agrarian marketing is highlighted by the fact that trade associations continue to work in every member state even after the reorganization of government controlled marketing organizations. German, French and British agrarian marketing organizations are large and are handling a great variety of tasks, including the protection of domestic market and export marketing. Contrary to this AMA aims specifically at the protection of domestic market and increasing consumer patriotism. Reviewing the most important trade associations and drawing the right lessons give us a chance to enhance the present functioning of Hungarian agricultural marketing.

Kulcsszavak: társadalmi tőke, közösségi, agrármarketing, közös fellépés

Kewords: social capital, collective, agrarian marketing, agrarian sector

Jel Kód: Q13

Summary: Hungary, as one of the so-called Detroit East countries, has been an outstanding investment location for Original Equipment Manufacturer companies (OEM) and their first level suppliers (TIER 1) in the last more than two decades. The regional inequalities in the location of the automotive companies inside the country result in different challenges to these companies, while there are some common problems for all sectoral actors also. The objective of this study is not only to present the most important national and local level challenges in connection to the global industrial trends; but to find possible good practices and to answer the question if the recent positive investment and development tendency in the country is sustainable in the medium and/or long term. Methodologically, the author combines her findings with recent research results of other authors in a synergistic way as she follows qualitative, process-based case study methodology and uses her own process model instead of questionnaires and large scale samples. In order to examine the sustainability of the positive investment and development tendency of the last decades, the author identified four aspects as location timeline and regional inequalities; networking and clustering; local integration; and lastly challenges and bottlenecks. The innovative character of the research is represented by its focus on large enterprises and sectoral processes and by the adaptation of the latest international models in specific local environment. In the process of formulating the conclusions, the author not only built upon her own research results but also refers to other recent publications and the opinion and experience of leading practitioners in the automotive industry.

Kulcsszavak: (újra)iparosítás, fenntartható gazdasági növekedés, beágyazódás

Keywords: (Re)Industrialization, Manufacturing Industries, Sustainable Economic Growth, Local Integration

JEL kód: O14

Summary: Logistics centres with huge product-stopping capacity and having the ability to create added value have emerged in recent decades. These centres have become network nodes between the co-operating organizations which accomplish the management of supply chains (networks) by connecting different modalities and networks with their infrastructure and informatics background. The effective operation of logistics centres appearing in business networks are usually managed by logistics supplier businesses (3PL/4PL). Defining the supply net as a complex network, logistics centres may be called hubs, the routes and relationships connecting the centres, or - by borrowing the term used in network theory - may be called edges. Hub management provides basic supply chain implementation and visibility. Taken into consideration the earlier results of network research, the present paper aims to find the correlations and the principles between the growth possibilities of the centres operated by logistics service providers in the logistics systems. The research results of the cellular networks comprise further new approaches and increasing possibilities to the theoretical knowledge for the logistics systems. As research result, the strategic answers of the logistics providers could be established to the challenges of the fast-changing economy at regional and global levels as well.

Kulcsszavak: üzleti hálózatok, vállalati méret, logisztikai szolgáltató, logisztikai központ (HUB), ellátási-lánc stratégia

Keywords: business networks, corporate size, logistics provider, logistics center (HUB), supply chain strategy

JEL kód: L14

Summary: Before the crisis the actors on the market and the citizens, who are laymen from market point of view, both had a high degree of confidence in the actors of economic life. This confidence is cracked due to the crisis. The study is looking for the answer what market actors do in Europe - and especially in Central Europe - in order to feel their invested money safe, not only from cognitive objective point but also from the subjective emotional point of the decision maker.

Kulcsszavak: bizalmi tőke, befektetői bizalom, akkreditív, bizalmi vagyonkezelés, megosztott tulajdonjog

Keyword: trust funds, investor confidence, letter of credit, trust property management, split ownership

JEL Kód: K22

Emigration is a significant social phenomenon nowadays. In this paper I wish to present the qualitative results of the pilot study of a research project focusing on the intersection of migration and gender. I will discuss aspects of motives, objects, beliefs, expectations and challenge. The results put light on the difficulty of integration, on the development of new social networks, attachments and the changes of the former ones. In this paper I will discuss the circumstances, methods and the results.

Kulcsszavak: kivándorlás, motiváció, kapcsolati háló, beilleszkedés

Keywords: migration, motivation, network, integration

JEL Kód: J60

Summary: As a result of the presidential election of late-March 2015 a new president-elect, General Muhammad Buhari took over the presidency in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, and for this and also for her huge oil reserves Nigerians are keen to call themselves as the „Giant of Africa”. The 72 years old general had already been the head of state of Nigeria for about 20 months as a military leader. Even though he used to be the top leader of the country for a very short period he enjoyed remarkable popularity especially in the northern - Moslem dominated - part of Nigeria: Buhari strongly fought against corruption, and later on, as a retired general, he lived a modest and informal way life. The victory of Buhari, however, cannot be only a direct consequence of all that, as many of the voting citizens of the rapidly growing Nigeria population have been born after Buhari’s first tenure during the early 1980’s. There was a coincidence of a number of political and economic factors which could lead to the victory of the Buhari-led opposition forces. The Nigerian society and economy faces a number of acute internal problems the previous government led by president Goodluck Jonathan could not resolve. Therefore the expectations are high to the upcoming Buhari-administration. The diversification of the oil industry-led economy (even if there were efforts into this direction), the decomposition of the huge food imports (which means a growing burden on the national budget) and simultaneously fostering the domestic food production, to ensure the peaceful coexistence of the Christian and Moslem communities of the Nigerian society, and also to successfully combat against Boko Haram and other religion and/or politically based extreme groups.

Kulcsszavak: Nigéria, Afrika, gazdaság, társadalom

Keywords: Nigeria, Africa, economy, society

JEL kód:O55