The phenomenon of misunderstanding is an inevitable part of everyday conversation and professional discussions. Mutual intelligibility between interlocutors is a basic principle in the process of communication. However, a large number of researches support misunderstanding in general and the diverse degrees of the speech situations resulting in misunderstanding and the significance of scientific achievements. The purpose of the study is to display the results of the widespread international research that determine the linguistic levels of misunderstanding and its triggers as well as the responsibility of the interlocutors in interaction. The study covers the accompanying elements of the interaction and the research areas of misunderstanding along which the investigation of the further aspects of misunderstanding can be outlined. Further research into the specific areas of misunderstanding promotes productive interaction between interlocutors and the establishment of successful cooperation.
misunderstanding, mutual intelligibility, interaction, communication breakdown
The study presents a classification of neologisms according to the following nine aspects: origin, mode of word creation, purpose of creation, frequency, intentionality, form of communication, conceptual content, stylistic and linguistic stratification, part of speech. In addition, a very large number of new words of foreign origin are accompanied by new expressions of internal origin that were created in the last decade. The network of neologisms is illustrated by charts. This can be used as a universal schema in most languages. At the same time in the same language, the categories can be supplemented with recent examples from time to time so that a comprehensive picture of the vocabulary and its changes can be obtained on a regular basis.
stylistic, necessary, widespread, casual, conscious, spontaneous, written, oral, written oral neologism, universal schema
External and internal toponyms of dialectal and ethnographic collection work carried out between 1967 and 2015 in the Hungarian villages of Csángó in Moldavia.
Moldavian Csángó Hungarians, toponym, Szőlőhegy (Pȋrgăreşti)
The Ómagyar Mária-siralom is the first surviving poem in Hungarian. Tibor Mező reviews the poetic and linguistic research related to ÓMS. Analysing the characteristic features of the text with the help of a new syllable theory and investigating the combination of sounds, rhythm and meaning, he concludes that the artistic form of ÓMS. is a sequence based on the Latin pattern and an organic, original Hungarian poem.
Ómagyar Mária-siralom, phoneme, digraph, phonological coding, syllable, phonometry, glosseme, the metrics of ÓMS., metre, text indicating meaning, text that can be set to music
Szemle
Egyebek
The fourth part of our series on the history of Magyar Nyelvőr (Balázs 2022a, 2022b, 2022c) presents the three eras (the periods of Beke, Lőrincze, Keszler) of the journal, which was restarted after the Second World War and it also looks to the present, the 150th year (2022). Thanks to Ödön Beke, the paper was saved, and Lajos Lőrincze’s name marks its second heyday. After the change of the regime in the Keszler era the journal emphasised academics, so its leading role in Hungarian language culture was reduced.
Magyar Nyelvőr, Beke Ödön, Lőrincze Lajos, Keszler Borbála, sovietisation, language cultivation
In 2021, the Reformed Diocese of the Királyhágómellék turned 100 years old, and the Várad Bible 360. The Várad Bible, published in 1661, was for a long time the only printed Protestant Bible in Transylvania. The text of Gáspár Károli’s Vizsoly Bible, published in 1590, was reworked by Sámuel Köleséri, theology teacher of Oradea, rector of the Várad College, who added a large number of explanations and marked the parallel verses in the margin of the book. This is why it is also called the Várad–Károli Bible. A new edition was not published until 1805 in Pest, and then the Reforme Diocese of the Királyhágómellék published it in facsimile in 2002. The article briefl y reviews the history of the Várad Bible.
the Várad Bible turned 360 years old, Várad-Károli Bible, Sámuel Köleséri
The report reviews the European Union language technology research presented at the conference. Major developments are underway in the field of machine translation, data anonymization and filtering out fake news. By the end of the 2020–2030 digital decade, strategically important, energy-efficient and European-valued databases will be built. In addition to meeting economic needs, language models will increasingly serve educational and administrative purposes.
European Union, language technology, artificial intelligence, research
The vernacular or Pentecostal grove created next to the Tihany Abbey symbolises a language labyrinth in which there is a possibility of understanding despite the confusion of the Babel language, since many peoples and languages have the same idea: The nation lives in its language
Tihany Abbey, native language grove, The nation lives in its language